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Exposition Bernard Le Borgne | Experts CNES

Représentation de l’animal dans la Création

La mort chevauchant un bœuf

Illustré par Jean Colombe et son atelier – Circa 1480

Gouache et or liquide sur vélin dans une marge compartimenté à décor de fleurs et fruits, agrémenté d’un oiseau de paradis et d’un grotesque. Cette peinture inédite illustre l’office des morts d’un livre d’heures à l’usage de Paris.

Elle est l’œuvre de l’atelier de Jean Colombe enlumineur français (1430-1493). Jean colombe est l’un des artistes les plus en vue de la seconde moitié du XVe siècle.

Frère du sculpteur Michel Colombe, il fut choisi par Charles Ier de Savoie pour terminer les très riches heures du Duc de Berry. Rare en soit, cette image saisissante est un cas unique dans l’œuvre du peintre et de son atelier.

Le paradoxe de l’association de la mort, au symbole de l’opulence et de la vie : le bœuf ; est amplifiée par la présence des corps écrasés par la course folle de ce couple terrifiant.

Cette sinistre moisson se déroule dans un paisible paysage berrichon ce qui renforce la violence de cette vision.
La source de cette image se trouve dans une œuvre littéraire récemment diffusée à Paris (1462) par le poète et littérateur, ami de François Villon, Pierre Michault dans « La danse aux aveugles ».

Cependant, l’image est beaucoup plus ancienne et mystérieuse, on la voit en effet en marge d’un missel amiénois en 1380 et sur la fresque d’une église au Danemark. Jean Colombe a choisi ici de représenter le bœuf sous la forme d’un auroch furieux à l’épaisse toison rehaussée d’or, au regard noir et aux cornes en forme de lyre.

Quant à la mort, il s’agit ici d’un « vif » qui, hilare, darde sa lance sur ses victimes.