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Enlèvement d'Hippodamie | Experts CNES

Enlèvement d’Hippodamie

bronze à patine brun foncé-vert nuancé ; sur une base en marbre brèche d’Alep signé : A. CARRIER-BELLEUSE ; avec la pastille « Bronze Garanti au Titre » ; titré sur la terrasse, sur un cartouche : L’ENLÈVEMENT

H. (bronze) : 65 x 45 cm ; h. (base) : 10 cm

RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES
S. Lami, Les sculpteurs de l’école française du dix-neuvième siècle, vol. 2, Paris, 1914, p. 283 ; J. Hargrove, The Life and Work of Albert Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, New York, 1977, pp. xviii et 256-258, ill. 244 ;
J. Hargrove, G. Grandjean, Carrier-Belleuse : le maître de Rodin, cat. exp. Palais de Compiègne, Paris, 2014, pp. 86-87, fig. 27.

La musculature exacerbée du centaure Eurytion et la saisissante expression de son visage désignent ce modèle comme une probable œuvre de collaboration de Carrier-Belleuse et d’Auguste Rodin. Création de la période bruxelloise des deux sculpteurs, une terre cuite de l’Enlèvement d’Hippodamie y est en effet documentée pour la première fois en juillet 1871. Les muscles tendus du torse d’Eurytion rappellent les corps en torsion du piédestal de la Jardinière des Titans, œuvre à quatre mains modelée par Rodin d’après un dessin de Carrier-Belleuse (vers 1875-1878, musée des Beaux-Arts, Calais, inv. 973.7.1, pour le dessin ; musée Rodin, Paris, inv. S.06739, pour une terre cuite émaillée ; cf. J. Hargrove, op. cit., 1977, pp. 256-258). La bouche hurlante du centaure n’est pas sans évoquer l’expression de fureur déformant le visage de l’allégorie du Départ des Volontaires, 1792, par François Rude (vers 1833-1836, Arc de Triomphe, place de l’Étoile, Paris). La violence de ce cri muet rappelle aussi celle de la figure allégorique de L’Appel aux armes, datant de 1879, pour laquelle Rodin s’est inspiré de Rude (un bronze au musée Rodin, Paris, inv. S.00469). Une terre cuite du même modèle de Carrier-Belleuse figura à sa vente après décès (Hôtel Drouot, Paris, 19-23 décembre 1887, lot 67).
Le contraste saisissant entre la force animale du centaure et la gracieuse silhouette de sa jeune captive s’inscrit dans la tradition des enlèvements qui se développe en sculpture à la fin du XVIe siècle. Citons notamment les deux chefs-d’œuvre du maître florentin Giambologna (1529-1608) : l’Enlèvement de Déjanire (un bronze au Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresde, inv. H.23/95) et l’Enlèvement d’une Sabine (le marbre Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence). Il se dégage du corps cambré d’Hippodamie – vaine tentative d’opposition à l’assaut bestial dont elle est victime – une expressivité dramatique commune aux modèles du Cinquecento.

Jean-François Bourriaud
Expert CNES
Verrerie Art-Nouveau et Sculpture XIXe – XXe
Galerie Tourbillon
15, rue Drouot
75009 Paris