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Les Châtiments | Experts CNES

Les Châtiments

vers 1885

Épreuve en bronze à patine brune, vers 1899

Fonte Susse Frères

Signé en bas à gauche : DALOU

25,2 x 18,9 cm

Au Salon de 1886, Dalou présente un projet de tombeau de Victor Hugo, destiné au Panthéon.

Le catafalque dressé sous l’Arc de triomphe, destiné à recevoir la dépouille du poète, aurait inspiré le sculpteur. Le monument se présente ainsi sous la forme d’un arc de triomphe à l’intérieur duquel le poète gît sur son lit de mort, des couronnes de lauriers à ses pieds. Victor Hugo est entouré de son univers poétique, littéraire et politique. De part et d’autre du monument prennent place : à gauche, Quasimodo et Esméralda, à droite, Eviradnus et Sigismond. À l’intérieur de l’arche, le relief met en scène un navire qui sombre, le Léviathan et un génie qui s’abat sur les damnés des Châtiments. L’arc est surmonté de figures allégoriques : la Poésie chevauche Pégase, suivie par l’Amour, précédée par la Justice et la Vérité et servie par la Liberté, entourées de la Science et de la Paix.

Le relief des Châtiments est ainsi une partie du monument. La musculature saillante et l’enchevêtrement des corps sont un hommage à Michel-Ange mais aussi à Carpeaux, dans son Ugolin (1857-1861)

Bien que la réception critique du projet de monument soit mitigée, l’œuvre de Dalou est largement reproduite par la photographie et la gravure. Néanmoins, c’est Rodin qui obtient la commande d’un monument à Hugo.

Les bas-reliefs en général sont rares dans l’œuvre du sculpteur , mais celui-ci peut être considéré comme un haut-relief lorsqu’on observe les personnages sortant du cadre. Leurs émotions sont profondément accentuées par les nuances de patine allant du plus clair au plus foncé. C’est une rare œuvre éditée du vivant de l’artiste. Personnellement, je considère Les Châtiments comme un petit chef-d’œuvre.

Nicolas Bourriaud, Expert CNES, Sculpture XIXe – XXe

Nicolas Bourriaud

Expert CNES

Sculpture XIX e - XX e
1 Quai Voltaire, 75007 Paris