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Portrait de Louis XIV, Roi de France | Experts CNES

Portrait de Louis XIV, Roi de France

Pigments et or sur papier
Inde, XVIIIe siècle, Période Moghole H. 12,5 x L. 9,7 cm
Provenance : Ancienne collection Jean Soustiel, Ancienne collection Pierre Le-Tan.
Ce portrait moghol de Louis XIV est emblématique d’une tradition moghole de peinture d’inspiration européenne. A partir du XVIe siècle, deux facteurs contribuent à ce phénomène : la présence en Inde de missionnaires jésuites apportant avec eux des gravures européennes, et l’échange de portraits royaux entre les cours moghole et française.

Pour notre exemple, l’inspiration vient certainement d’une gravure française de Louis XIV. Dans leur catalogue Miniatures orientales de l’Inde 3, Marie-Christine David et Jean Soustiel suggèrent que ce portrait a pu être inspiré par une gravure de Louis XIV par Nanteuil.
Une autre gravure du monarque, réalisée par Aubry, semble plus proche encore de ce portrait indien du Roi-Soleil. En effet, Aubry propose un traitement plus rond de la chevelure du souverain, avec des boucles plus épaisses qui correspondent mieux à cette interprétation indienne. L’organisation de la tenue va également dans le sens de cette hypothèse : les trois portraits présentent une armure de forme similaire, mais seules la version indienne et celle d’Aubry complètent cette armure par un tissu drapé sur l’épaule. On peut objecter que le monarque est tourné vers son côté gauche sur le portrait d’Aubry au contraire des deux autres, mais de nombreux exemples montrent que les peintures mogholes d’inspiration européenne présentent souvent leurs sujets en miroir par rapport aux gravures d’origine. Enfin, Louis XIV semble avoir approximativement le même âge sur le portrait moghol et sur celui d’Aubry, alors que Nanteuil le représente plus âgé.

Pour d’autres exemples de peintures indiennes inspirées par des gravures européennes, voir : Hurel, R., Catalogue d’Exposition, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris (10 Mars – 6 Juin 2010) Miniatures et peintures indiennes – Collection du département des Estampes et de la Photographie de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris : BNF, Volume I, pp. 70 – 74.

Publications : J. Soustiel & M.-C. David, Miniatures orientales de l’Inde 3, Paris : Editions Jean Soustiel, 1983, n°33.

 

Alexis Renard, Exotic Mirror, N°1.

Alexis Renard
Expert CNES
Art islamique
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