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Scènes de la vie et du martyre de Sainte Ursule | Experts CNES

Scènes de la vie et du martyre de Sainte Ursule

bas-reliefs polychromés, Espagne, première moitié du XVIe siècle, 85 x 56 cm.

Ursule est une princesse bretonne chrétienne du IIIe siècle. Pour fuir son prétendant, elle partit faire un pèlerinage de trois ans auprès de saint Cyriaque de Rome avec 11000 vierges. À son retour, capturée par les Huns, elle refuse d’épouser leur chef pour ne pas abjurer sa foi. Elle fut, avec ses compagnes, criblée de flèches par les Huns qui assiégeaient Cologne. La légende de sainte Ursule est amplement représentée dans l’art dès le XIVe siècle autour de Cologne, du Rhin inférieur et aux Pays-Bas, mais aussi à Strasbourg ou en Espagne.

Ces deux bas-reliefs représentent le jugement et le martyre de sainte Ursule, dans un décor architecturé et paysagé. Les couronnes de fleurs, les costumes, la polychromie qui leur est appliquée sont typiques des œuvres espagnoles de la première moitié du XVIe siècle, où des apports renaissants prennent le dessus, mais une certaine influence gothique perdure, avec des personnages réunis en groupes serrés et une maladroite tentative de perspective architecturale. À la fin du XVe siècle, en Allemagne et en Espagne principalement fleurissent de très grands retables (avec parfois des volets qui peuvent se refermer), permettant de représenter tout un cycle narratif, citons celui du sculpteur de Nuremberg Veit Stoss à Cracovie ou celui de la cathédrale de Séville. Selon le même principe des retables de moindres dimensions pouvaient illustrer la vie d’un saint comme ce fut souvent le cas pour sainte Ursule

Philippe Bentley
Elève Expert CNES
Sculpture ancienne
Galerie ARTENOSTRUM
Le Parol, allée des promenades
26 220 DIEULEFIT